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The family of Sigmund Freud, the pioneer of psychoanalysis, lived in Austria and Germany until the 1930s before emigrating to England, Canada and the United States. Several of Freud's descendants have become well known in different fields. ==Freud's parents and siblings== Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was born to Jewish Galician parents in the Moravian town of Příbor ((ドイツ語:Freiberg)), which was then in the Austrian Empire, now in the Czech Republic. He was the eldest child of Jacob Freud (1815–1896), a wool merchant, and his third wife Amalia Nathansohn (1835–1930). Jacob Freud had two children from his first marriage to Sally Kanner (1829–1852): #Emanuel (1833–1914) #Philipp (1836–1911) Jacob's second marriage (1852–1855) to Rebecca (origin uncertain) was childless. Jacob and Amalia Freud had eight children:〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Amalia Malka Freud-Nathanson )〕 #Sigmund (birth name Sigismund Schlomo; 6 May 1856–23 September 1939) #Julius (October 1857–15 April 1858) #Anna (31 December 1858–11 March 1955) #Regina Debora (nickname ''Rosa''; 21 March 1860–1942) #Marie (nickname ''Mitzi''; 22 March 1861–1942) #Esther Adolfine (nickname ''Dolfi''; 23 July 1862–1942) #Pauline Regine (nickname ''Pauli''; 3 May 1864–1942) #Alexander Gotthold Ephraim (19 April 1866–23 April 1943) Julius Freud died in infancy. Anna married Ely Bernays (1860–1921), the elder brother of Sigmund's wife Martha. There were four daughters: Judith (b. 1885), Lucy (b. 1886), Hella (b. 1893), Martha (b. 1894) and one son, Edward (1891–1995). In 1892 the family moved to the United States where Edward Bernays became a major influence in modern public relations. Rosa (Regina Deborah Graf-Freud) married a doctor, Heinrich Graf (1852–1908). Their son, Hermann (1897-1917) was killed in the First World War; their daughter, Cacilie (1899-1922), committed suicide after an unhappy love affair. Rosa was killed in Auschwitz in 1942. Mitzi (Maria Moritz-Freud) married her cousin Moritz Freud (1857–1922). There were three daughters: Margarethe (b. 1887), Lily (b. 1888), Martha (1892-1930) and one son, Theodor (b. 1904) who died in a drowning accident aged 23. Martha, who was known as Tom and dressed as a man, worked as a children’s book illustrator. After the suicide of her husband, Jakob Seidman, a journalist, she took her own life. Their daughter, Angela, was sent to live with relatives in Haifa. Lily became an actress and in 1917 married the actor Arnold Marlé. Mitzi was killed in Theresienstadt in 1942. Dolfi (Esther Adolfine Freud) did not marry and remained in the family home to care for her parents. She was killed in Treblinka in 1942. Pauli (Pauline Regine Winternitz-Freud) married Valentine Winternitz (1859–1900) and emigrated to the United States where their daughter Rose Beatrice was born in 1896. After the death of her husband she and her daughter returned to Europe. Rose (known as Rosi) married Ernst Waldinger, a poet, in 1923. They moved to New York after the war where a daughter, Ruth, was born. Pauli was killed in Treblinka in 1942. Alexander Freud married Sophie Sabine Schreiber (b. 1878). Their son, Harry, born in 1909, emigrated to the United States and died in 1968.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Register of Harry Freud's papers )〕 Both Freud’s half-brothers emigrated to Manchester, England, shortly before the rest of the Freud family moved from Leipzig to Vienna in 1860. Emanuel and Marie Freud (1836–1923) married in Freiberg where their first two children were born: John (b. 1856, disappeared pre-1919), the "inseparable playmate" of Freud’s early childhood; and Pauline (1855–1944). Two children were born in Manchester: Bertha (1866–1940) and Soloman (1870–1945, known as Sam). None of the children married. Philipp Freud married Bloomah Frankel (b. 1845 Birmingham, d.1925 Manchester). There were two children: Pauline (1873–1951) who married Fred Hartwig (1881–1958); and Morris (b. 1875 Manchester, d.1938 Port Elizabeth, South Africa). The death of Pauline, who was childless, in 1951, marked the end of the Manchester Freuds.〔Ferris, Paul ''Dr Freud: A Life'', London: Sinclair- Stevenson 1975, p. 243-4.〕 Freud visited his half-brothers and their families in England twice, in 1875 whilst still a student, and again in 1908.〔 Clark 1980, pp. 36, 252〕 He kept in touch through a regular correspondence with Sam Freud. They would eventually meet again in London in 1938. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Freud family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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